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Chemical Facts
Chemical Facts...
Click one of the following to learn more:
Chlorine
Hydrogen Fluoride
Sulfur Dioxide
Ammonia
______________________________________________________________
Facts about Chlorine
What chlorine is
People can contact one of the following:
Facts about Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid)
What hydrogen fluoride is
People can contact one of the following:
Facts about Sulfur Dioxide
Also known as: SO2, sulfurous anhydride, sulfuroxide, sulfurous oxide, sulfurous acid anhydride ?Chemical reference number (CAS): 7446-09-5
What is sulfur dioxide?
Sulfur dioxide, SO2, is a colorless gas or liquid with a strong, choking odor. It is produced from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil) and the smelting of mineral ores (aluminum, copper, zinc, lead and iron) that contain sulfur.
Sulfur dioxide dissolves easily in water to form sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is a major component of acid rain. Acid rain can damage forests and crops, change the acidity of soils, and make lakes and streams acidic and unsuitable for fish. Sulfur dioxide also contributes to the decay of building materials and paints, including monuments and statues.
Where is sulfur dioxide found?
Most of the sulfur dioxide released into the environment comes from electric utilities, especially those that burn coal. Some other sources of sulfur dioxide include petroleum refineries, cement manufacturing, paper pulp manufacturing and metal smelting and processing facilities. Locomotives, large ships, and some non-road diesel equipment currently burn high sulfur fuel and release sulfur dioxide into the air. In nature, volcanic eruptions can release sulfur dioxide into the air.
Some dried fruits are preserved using SO2 to prevent discoloration of the fruit. SO2 is also used in bleaching materials and as a fumigant. In the home, sulfur dioxide gas can be found from tobacco smoke, improperly or inadequately vented gas appliances (such as stoves, ranges, furnaces, or clothes dryers), gas or kerosene heaters, wood or coal stoves, or automobile exhaust.
How can I be exposed to sulfur dioxide?
You can be exposed to SO2 by breathing it in the air or getting it on your skin. People who live near industrial sources of sulfur dioxide may be exposed to it in the air. You are most likely to be exposed if you work in industries where SO2 is produced, such as copper smelting or power plants, or where SO2 is used like the production of sulfuric acid, paper, food preservatives or fertilizers. People with malfunctioning appliances or chimneys in their homes may also be exposed to sulfur dioxide.
Are there health problems that can be caused by sulfur dioxide??
Although exposure to SO2 has not been shown to cause cancer in humans, there are serious health problems related to both long and short term exposures. Short term exposure to high enough levels of SO2 can be life threatening. Generally, exposures to SO2 cause a burning sensation in the nose and throat. Also, SO2 exposure can cause difficulty breathing, including changes in the body’s ability to take a breath or breathe deeply, or take in as much air per breath. Long term exposure to sulfur dioxide can cause changes in lung function and aggravate existing heart disease. Asthmatics may be sensitive to changes in respiratory effects due to SO2 exposure at even low concentrations.
How can I reduce my exposure to sulfur dioxide?
To reduce the possibility of exposure to sulfur dioxide caused by a source in your home, you can:
Other Websites on Sulfur Dioxide (exit DHFS)
Facts about Ammonia, NH3
Almost everyone has smelled the sharp, penetrating odor of ammonia, NH3. As the active product of “smelling salts,” the compound can quickly revive the faint of heart and light of head. But more than a sniff of this toxic, reactive, and corrosive gas can make one very ill indeed. It can, in fact, be fatal. Ammonia is pretty nasty stuff. Nevertheless, it is also an extremely important bulk chemical widely used in fertilizers, plastics, and explosives.
HIGHLIGHTS:
Ammonia is a gas that occurs naturally in the environment and is also manmade. Liquid ammonia is found in many household cleaners. Ammonia is irritating to the skin, eyes, nose, throat, and lungs. Exposure to high concentrations can cause serious burns. Ammonia has been found in at least 134 of the 1,613 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Ammonia is a colorless gas with a very sharp odor.
It is made both by humans and by nature. It dissolves easily in water and evaporates quickly. It is commonly sold in liquid forms. The amount of ammonia produced by humans every year is almost equal to that produced by nature every year. Ammonia is produced naturally in soil by bacteria, decaying plants and animals, and animal wastes. Ammonia is essential for many biological processes.
Most of the ammonia produced in chemical factories is used to make fertilizers.
The remaining is used in textiles, plastics, explosives, pulp and paper production, food and beverages, household cleaning products , refrigerants, and other products. It is also used in smelling salts.
How can ammonia affect my health?
Exposure to high concentrations of ammonia in the air may cause severe burns in your skin, eyes, throat, and lungs. In extreme cases, blindness, lung damage, or death could occur. Breathing lower concentrations will cause coughing and nose and throat irritation.
If you swallow ammonia, you could suffer burns in your mouth, throat, and stomach. Concentrated ammonia spilled on the skin will cause burns. Animal studies show effects similar to those observed in people. We do not know if ammonia affects reproduction in humans.
What happens to ammonia when it enters the environment?
Exposure to high concentrations of ammonia in the air may cause severe burns in your skin, eyes, throat, and lungs. In extreme cases, blindness, lung damage, or death could occur. Breathing lower concentrations will cause coughing and nose and throat irritation.
If you swallow ammonia, you could suffer burns in your mouth, throat, and stomach. Concentrated ammonia spilled on the skin will cause burns. Animal studies show effects similar to those observed in people. We do not know if ammonia affects reproduction in humans.
How can families reduce the risk of exposure to ammonia?
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Division of Toxicology
1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32
Atlanta, GA 30333
Phone: 1-888-42-ATSDR (1-888-422-8737)
FAX: (770)-488-4178
Email: ATSDRIC@cdc.gov
Click one of the following to learn more:
Chlorine
Hydrogen Fluoride
Sulfur Dioxide
Ammonia
______________________________________________________________
Facts about Chlorine
What chlorine is
- Chlorine is an element used in industry and found in some household products.
- Chlorine is sometimes in the form of a poisonous gas. Chlorine gas can be pressurized and cooled to change it into a liquid so that it can be shipped and stored. When liquid chlorine is released, it quickly turns into a gas that stays close to the ground and spreads rapidly.
- Chlorine gas can be recognized by its pungent, irritating odor, which is like the odor of bleach. The strong smell may provide an adequate warning to people that they have been exposed.
- Chlorine gas appears to be yellow-green in color.
- Chlorine itself is not flammable, but it can react explosively or form explosive compounds with other chemicals such as turpentine and ammonia.
- Chlorine was used during World War I as a choking (pulmonary) agent.
- Chlorine is one of the most commonly manufactured chemicals in the United States. Its most important use is as a bleach in the manufacture of paper and cloth, but it is also used to make pesticides (insect killers), rubber, and solvents.
- Chlorine is used in drinking water and swimming pool water to kill harmful bacteria. It is also as used as part of the sanitation process for industrial waste and sewage.
- Household chlorine bleach can release chlorine gas if it is mixed with other cleaning agents.
- People’s risk for exposure depends on how close they are to the place where the chlorine was released.
- If chlorine gas is released into the air, people may be exposed through skin contact or eye contact. They may also be exposed by breathing air that contains chlorine.
- If chlorine liquid is released into water, people may be exposed by touching or drinking water that contains chlorine.
- If chlorine liquid comes into contact with food, people may be exposed by eating the contaminated food.
- Chlorine gas is heavier than air, so it would settle in low-lying areas.
- The extent of poisoning caused by chlorine depends on the amount of chlorine a person is exposed to, how the person was exposed, and the length of time of the exposure.
- When chlorine gas comes into contact with moist tissues such as the eyes, throat, and lungs, an acid is produced that can damage these tissues.
- During or immediately after exposure to dangerous concentrations of chlorine, the following signs and symptoms may develop:
- Coughing
- Chest tightness
- Burning sensation in the nose, throat, and eyes
- Watery eyes
- Blurred vision
- Nausea and vomiting
- Burning pain, redness, and blisters on the skin if exposed to gas, skin injury similar to frostbite if exposed to liquid chlorine
- Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath (may appear immediately if high concentrations of chlorine gas are inhaled, or may be delayed if low concentrations of chlorine gas are inhaled)
- Fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema) within 2 to 4 hours
- Showing these signs or symptoms does not necessarily mean that a person has been exposed to chlorine.
- Long-term complications from chlorine exposure are not found in people who survive a sudden exposure unless they suffer complications such as pneumonia during therapy. Chronic bronchitis may develop in people who develop pneumonia during therapy.
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Leave the area where the chlorine was released and get to fresh air. Quickly moving to an area where fresh air is available is highly effective in reducing exposure to chlorine.
- If the chlorine release was outdoors, move away from the area where the chlorine was released. Go to the highest ground possible, because chlorine is heavier than air and will sink to low-lying areas.
- If the chlorine release was indoors, get out of the building.
- If you think you may have been exposed, remove your clothing, rapidly wash your entire body with soap and water, and get medical care as quickly as possible.
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Removing and disposing of clothing:
- Quickly take off clothing that has liquid chlorine on it. Any clothing that has to be pulled over the head should be cut off the body instead of pulled over the head. If possible, seal the clothing in a plastic bag. Then seal the first plastic bag in a second plastic bag. Removing and sealing the clothing in this way will help protect you and other people from any chemicals that might be on your clothes.
- If you placed your clothes in plastic bags, inform either the local or state health department or emergency personnel upon their arrival. Do not handle the plastic bags.
- If you are helping other people remove their clothing, try to avoid touching any contaminated areas, and remove the clothing as quickly as possible.
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Washing the body:
- As quickly as possible, wash your entire body with large amounts of soap and water. Washing with soap and water will help protect people from any chemicals on their bodies.
- If your eyes are burning or your vision is blurred, rinse your eyes with plain water for 10 to 15 minutes. If you wear contacts, remove them before rinsing your eyes, and place them in the bags with the contaminated clothing. Do not put the contacts back in your eyes. You should dispose of them even if you do not wear disposable contacts. If you wear eyeglasses, wash them with soap and water. You can put the eyeglasses back on after you wash them.
- If you have ingested (swallowed) chlorine, do not induce vomiting or drink fluids.
- Seek medical attention right away. Dial 911 and explain what has happened.
- No antidote exists for chlorine exposure. Treatment consists of removing the chlorine from the body as soon as possible and providing supportive medical care in a hospital setting.
People can contact one of the following:
- Regional poison control center: 1-800-222-1222
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
-
Public Response Hotline (CDC)
- 800-CDC-INFO
- 888-232-6348 (TTY)
- E-mail inquiries: cdcinfo@cdc.gov
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Facts about Hydrogen Fluoride (Hydrofluoric Acid)
What hydrogen fluoride is
- Hydrogen fluoride is a chemical compound that contains fluorine. It can exist as a colorless gas or as a fuming liquid, or it can be dissolved in water.
- When hydrogen fluoride is dissolved in water, it may be called hydrofluoric acid.
- Hydrogen fluoride also can be released when some other fluoride-containing compounds such as ammonium fluoride are combined with water.
- Hydrogen fluoride is used to make refrigerants, herbicides, pharmaceuticals, high-octane gasoline, aluminum, plastics, electrical components, and fluorescent light bulbs. Sixty percent of the hydrogen fluoride used in manufacturing is for processes to make refrigerants.
- Hydrogen fluoride is also used for etching glass and metal.
- In a natural disaster, you could be exposed to high levels of hydrogen fluoride when storage facilities or containers are damaged and the chemical is released. This release could occur at an industrial site or even a retail location.
- You could be exposed to hydrogen fluoride if it is used as a chemical terrorism agent.
- If you work in an occupation that uses hydrogen fluoride, you may be exposed to this chemical.
- You may be exposed to hydrogen fluoride as part of a hobby.
- Hydrogen fluoride goes easily and quickly through the skin and into the tissues in the body. There it damages the cells and causes them to not work properly.
- The seriousness of poisoning caused by hydrogen fluoride depends on the amount, route, and length of time of exposure, as well as the age and preexisting medical condition of the person exposed.
- Breathing hydrogen fluoride can burn lung tissue and cause swelling and fluid accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary edema).
- Skin contact with hydrogen fluoride may cause severe burns that develop after several hours and form skin ulcers.
- Hydrogen fluoride gas, even at low levels, can irritate the eyes, nose, and respiratory tract. Breathing in hydrogen fluoride at high levels or in combination with skin contact can cause death from irregular heartbeat or from fluid buildup in the lungs. Even splashes of hydrogen fluoride on the skin can be fatal. Skin contact with hydrogen fluoride may cause no immediate signs of exposure.
- Swallowing only a small amount of highly concentrated hydrogen fluoride will affect major internal organs and may be fatal.
- Often, patients exposed to low concentrations of hydrogen fluoride on the skin do not show effects right away. Severe pain at the exposure site may be the only symptom for several hours. Visible damage may not be shown until 12 to 24 hours after the exposure.
- Depending on the concentration of the chemical and the length of time of exposure, skin contact may cause severe pain at the point of contact; a rash; and deep, slow-healing burns. Severe pain can occur even if no burns can be seen.
- Showing these signs and symptoms does not necessarily mean that a person has been exposed to hydrogen fluoride. Other chemicals also can cause these effects.
- People who survive after being severely injured by breathing in hydrogen fluoride may suffer lingering chronic lung disease.
- Burns caused by concentrated hydrogen fluoride may take a long time to heal and may result in severe scarring.
- Fingertip injuries from hydrogen fluoride may result in persistent pain, bone loss, and injury to the nail bed.
- Eye exposure to hydrogen fluoride may cause prolonged or permanent visual defects, blindness, or total destruction of the eye.
- Swallowing hydrogen fluoride can damage the esophagus and stomach. The damage may progress for several weeks, resulting in gradual and lingering narrowing of the esophagus.
- First, if the hydrogen fluoride was released into the air, get fresh air by leaving the area where the chemical was released.
- If the hydrogen fluoride release was outside, move away from the area where the chemical was released.
- If the hydrogen fluoride release occurred indoors, get out of the building.
- If you are near a release of fluorine or hydrogen fluoride, emergency coordinators may tell you to either evacuate the area or “shelter in place” inside a building to avoid being exposed to the chemical. For more information on evacuation during a chemical emergency, see “Facts About Evacuation” at http://emergency.cdc.gov/planning/evacuationfacts.asp. For more information on sheltering in place during a chemical emergency, see “Facts About Sheltering in Place” at http://emergency.cdc.gov/planning/Shelteringfacts.asp.
- If you think you may have been exposed to hydrogen fluoride, you should remove your clothing, rapidly wash your entire body with water, and get medical care as quickly as possible.
- Removing your clothing
- Quickly take off clothing that may have hydrogen fluoride on it. Any clothing that has to be pulled over the head should be cut off the body.
- If you are helping other people remove their clothing, try to avoid touching any contaminated areas, and remove the clothing as quickly as possible.
- Washing yourself
- As quickly as possible, wash any hydrogen fluoride from your skin with large amounts of water.
- If your eyes are burning or your vision is blurred, rinse your eyes with plain water.
- If you wear contacts, remove them after washing your hands and put them with the contaminated clothing. Do not put the contacts back in your eyes (even if they are not disposable contacts). If you wear eyeglasses, wash them with soap and water. You can put your eyeglasses back on after you wash them.
- Disposing of your clothes
- After you have washed yourself, place your clothing inside a plastic bag. Avoid touching contaminated areas of the clothing. If you can't avoid touching contaminated areas, or you aren't sure which areas are contaminated, put the clothing in the bag using tongs, tool handles, sticks, or similar objects. Anything that touches contaminated clothing should also be placed in the bag.
- Seal the bag, and then seal that bag inside another plastic bag. Disposing of your clothing in this way will help protect you and other people from any chemicals that might be on your clothes.
- When local or state health department or emergency personnel arrive, tell them what you did with your clothes. The health department or emergency personnel will arrange for further disposal. Do not handle the plastic bags yourself.
- For more information about cleaning your body and disposing of your clothes after a chemical release, see “Chemical Agents: Facts About Personal Cleaning and Disposal of Contaminated Clothing” at http://emergency.cdc.gov/planning/personalcleaningfacts.asp.
- If someone has swallowed hydrogen fluoride, do not induce vomiting. Do not give the person activated charcoal. If the person is alert and able to swallow, have them chew several calcium- or magnesium-containing antacid tablets or take a magnesium-containing liquid antacid along with 1 to 2 glasses of water or 1 to 2 glasses of milk to dilute their stomach contents.
- Seek medical attention immediately. Dial 911 and explain what has happened.
- If you are sure the person has swallowed hydrogen fluoride, do not attempt CPR unless you are able to take appropriate measures to protect yourself from exposure to hydrogen fluoride. Performing CPR on someone who has swallowed hydrogen fluoride could expose you to the chemical.
- The most important thing is for exposed people to seek medical treatment as soon as possible. Your doctor may recommend or use products to help neutralize the effects of poisoning. Calcium gluconate (a calcium sugar) gels, solutions, and medications are used to neutralize the effects.
People can contact one of the following:
- Regional poison control center: 1-800-222-1222
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Response Hotline (CDC)
- 800-CDC-INFO
- 888-232-6348 (TTY)
- E-mail inquiries: cdcinfo@cdc.gov
Facts about Sulfur Dioxide
Also known as: SO2, sulfurous anhydride, sulfuroxide, sulfurous oxide, sulfurous acid anhydride ?Chemical reference number (CAS): 7446-09-5
What is sulfur dioxide?
Sulfur dioxide, SO2, is a colorless gas or liquid with a strong, choking odor. It is produced from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil) and the smelting of mineral ores (aluminum, copper, zinc, lead and iron) that contain sulfur.
Sulfur dioxide dissolves easily in water to form sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is a major component of acid rain. Acid rain can damage forests and crops, change the acidity of soils, and make lakes and streams acidic and unsuitable for fish. Sulfur dioxide also contributes to the decay of building materials and paints, including monuments and statues.
Where is sulfur dioxide found?
Most of the sulfur dioxide released into the environment comes from electric utilities, especially those that burn coal. Some other sources of sulfur dioxide include petroleum refineries, cement manufacturing, paper pulp manufacturing and metal smelting and processing facilities. Locomotives, large ships, and some non-road diesel equipment currently burn high sulfur fuel and release sulfur dioxide into the air. In nature, volcanic eruptions can release sulfur dioxide into the air.
Some dried fruits are preserved using SO2 to prevent discoloration of the fruit. SO2 is also used in bleaching materials and as a fumigant. In the home, sulfur dioxide gas can be found from tobacco smoke, improperly or inadequately vented gas appliances (such as stoves, ranges, furnaces, or clothes dryers), gas or kerosene heaters, wood or coal stoves, or automobile exhaust.
How can I be exposed to sulfur dioxide?
You can be exposed to SO2 by breathing it in the air or getting it on your skin. People who live near industrial sources of sulfur dioxide may be exposed to it in the air. You are most likely to be exposed if you work in industries where SO2 is produced, such as copper smelting or power plants, or where SO2 is used like the production of sulfuric acid, paper, food preservatives or fertilizers. People with malfunctioning appliances or chimneys in their homes may also be exposed to sulfur dioxide.
Are there health problems that can be caused by sulfur dioxide??
Although exposure to SO2 has not been shown to cause cancer in humans, there are serious health problems related to both long and short term exposures. Short term exposure to high enough levels of SO2 can be life threatening. Generally, exposures to SO2 cause a burning sensation in the nose and throat. Also, SO2 exposure can cause difficulty breathing, including changes in the body’s ability to take a breath or breathe deeply, or take in as much air per breath. Long term exposure to sulfur dioxide can cause changes in lung function and aggravate existing heart disease. Asthmatics may be sensitive to changes in respiratory effects due to SO2 exposure at even low concentrations.
How can I reduce my exposure to sulfur dioxide?
To reduce the possibility of exposure to sulfur dioxide caused by a source in your home, you can:
- Use gas appliances with electronic (pilotless) ignition. This will eliminate the continuous low-level pollutants from pilot lights.
- Use exhaust fans over gas stoves that are vented to the outdoors instead of fans that re-circulate the air indoors. Keep the metal mesh filters on your exhaust fans clean (most can be run through the dishwasher).
- Choose vented appliances whenever possible, and make sure they are vented to the outdoors. Have a trained professional inspect your appliances annually.
- Never heat your home with a gas range or stove.
- Do not idle your car in the garage.
- Do not smoke indoors.
Other Websites on Sulfur Dioxide (exit DHFS)
- The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) fact sheet on Sulfur Dioxide: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts116.html
- USEPA website on sulfur dioxide: http://www.epa.gov/air/urbanair/so2
Facts about Ammonia, NH3
Almost everyone has smelled the sharp, penetrating odor of ammonia, NH3. As the active product of “smelling salts,” the compound can quickly revive the faint of heart and light of head. But more than a sniff of this toxic, reactive, and corrosive gas can make one very ill indeed. It can, in fact, be fatal. Ammonia is pretty nasty stuff. Nevertheless, it is also an extremely important bulk chemical widely used in fertilizers, plastics, and explosives.
HIGHLIGHTS:
Ammonia is a gas that occurs naturally in the environment and is also manmade. Liquid ammonia is found in many household cleaners. Ammonia is irritating to the skin, eyes, nose, throat, and lungs. Exposure to high concentrations can cause serious burns. Ammonia has been found in at least 134 of the 1,613 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Ammonia is a colorless gas with a very sharp odor.
It is made both by humans and by nature. It dissolves easily in water and evaporates quickly. It is commonly sold in liquid forms. The amount of ammonia produced by humans every year is almost equal to that produced by nature every year. Ammonia is produced naturally in soil by bacteria, decaying plants and animals, and animal wastes. Ammonia is essential for many biological processes.
Most of the ammonia produced in chemical factories is used to make fertilizers.
The remaining is used in textiles, plastics, explosives, pulp and paper production, food and beverages, household cleaning products , refrigerants, and other products. It is also used in smelling salts.
How can ammonia affect my health?
Exposure to high concentrations of ammonia in the air may cause severe burns in your skin, eyes, throat, and lungs. In extreme cases, blindness, lung damage, or death could occur. Breathing lower concentrations will cause coughing and nose and throat irritation.
If you swallow ammonia, you could suffer burns in your mouth, throat, and stomach. Concentrated ammonia spilled on the skin will cause burns. Animal studies show effects similar to those observed in people. We do not know if ammonia affects reproduction in humans.
What happens to ammonia when it enters the environment?
- Because ammonia occurs naturally, it is found throughout the environment in soil, air, and water.
- Most of the ammonia in water changes to ammonium, an odorless liquid. Ammonia and ammonium can change back and forth in water.
- Ammonia is recycled naturally in the environment as part of the nitrogen cycle. It does not last very long in the environment.
- Plants and bacteria rapidly take up ammonia from soil and water.
- Some ammonia in water and soil is changed to nitrate and nitrite by bacteria.
- Ammonia released to air is rapidly removed by rain or snow or by reactions with other chemicals.
- Ammonia does not build up in the food chain, but serves as a nutrient source for plants and bacteria.
- Everybody is regularly exposed to low levels of ammonia in air, food, soil, and water.
- Ammonia has a strong irritating odor that people can easily smell before it may cause harm.
- If you use ammonia cleaning products at home, you will be exposed to ammonia released to the air and through contact with your skin.
- If you apply ammonia fertilizers or live near farms where these fertilizers have been applied, you can breath ammonia released to the air.
- You may be exposed to ammonia from leaks and spills from production plants, storage facilities, pipelines, tank trucks, and rail cars.
Exposure to high concentrations of ammonia in the air may cause severe burns in your skin, eyes, throat, and lungs. In extreme cases, blindness, lung damage, or death could occur. Breathing lower concentrations will cause coughing and nose and throat irritation.
If you swallow ammonia, you could suffer burns in your mouth, throat, and stomach. Concentrated ammonia spilled on the skin will cause burns. Animal studies show effects similar to those observed in people. We do not know if ammonia affects reproduction in humans.
How can families reduce the risk of exposure to ammonia?
- Keep products containing ammonia out of the reach of children.
- Maintain adequate room ventilation when using cleaners containing ammonia and wear proper clothing and eye protection.
- Prevent children from entering a room where ammonia is being used.
- Never store cleaning solutions in containers that may be attractive to children, such as soda bottles.
- Avoid entering fields when ammonia fertilizers is being applied.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Division of Toxicology
1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32
Atlanta, GA 30333
Phone: 1-888-42-ATSDR (1-888-422-8737)
FAX: (770)-488-4178
Email: ATSDRIC@cdc.gov